Regardless, it had become an Arabic term by Muhammad's lifetime. While some Western scholars consider the word to be derived from the Syriac, the majority of Muslim authorities hold the origin of the word is qaraʼa itself. The Syriac equivalent is qeryānā ( ܩܪܝܢܐ), which refers to 'scripture reading' or 'lesson'. It is a verbal noun ( maṣdar) of the Arabic verb qaraʼa ( قرأ) meaning 'he read' or 'he recited'. The word qurʼān appears about 70 times in the Quran itself, assuming various meanings.
During prayers, the Quran is recited only in Arabic. Supplementing the Quran with explanations for some cryptic Quranic narratives, and rulings that also provide the basis for Islamic law in most denominations of Islam, are hadiths-oral and written traditions believed to describe words and actions of Muhammad.
It sometimes offers detailed accounts of specific historical events, and it often emphasizes the moral significance of an event over its narrative sequence. The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance for mankind ( 2:185). It summarizes some, dwells at length on others and, in some cases, presents alternative accounts and interpretations of events. The Quran assumes familiarity with major narratives recounted in the Biblical and apocryphal scriptures. There are, however, variant readings, with mostly minor differences in meaning. Caliph Uthman established a standard version, now known as the Uthmanic codex, which is generally considered the archetype of the Quran known today. Shortly after the prophet's death, the Quran was compiled by the companions, who had written down or memorized parts of it. According to tradition, several of Muhammad's companions served as scribes, recording the revelations.
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Muhammad did not write it as he did not know how to write.
The Quran is thought by Muslims to be not simply divinely inspired, but the literal word of God. The word Quran occurs some 70 times in the text itself, and other names and words are also said to refer to the Quran.
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Muslims regard the Quran as Muhammad's most important miracle a proof of his prophethood and the culmination of a series of divine messages starting with those revealed to Adam, including the Torah, the Psalms and the Gospel. Muslims believe that the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final prophet, Muhammad, through the archangel Gabriel incrementally over a period of some 23 years, beginning in the month of Ramadan, when Muhammad was 40 and concluding in 632, the year of his death. In addition to its religious significance, it is widely regarded as the finest work in Arabic literature, and has significantly influenced the Arabic language. It is organized in 114 chapters ( pl.: سور suwar, sing.: سورة sūrah), which consist of verses ( pl.: آيات ʾāyāt, sing.: آية ʾāyah, cons.: ʾāyat). The Quran ( / k ʊr ˈ ɑː n/, kuurr- AHN Arabic: القرآن al-Qurʾān, 'the recitation'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God. For other uses, see Quran (disambiguation). This article is about the central religious text of Islam.
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